This issue came up after our perception seminar yesterday. I think (P) is true:
(P) If I perceive o, then o exists.
But, there was some resistance. Since we don't usually use 'perceive' in ordinary discourse, I'll use 'see' (and 'saw') in discussing this potential counterexample to (P).
Imagine an ordinary case of hallucination. I hallucinate toasters flying around all over my living room. I realize I must be hallucinating, and go to the doctor. It seems like I can truly report:
(i) I saw toasters flying around all over the living room!
But, if (i) is true, then (P) can't be true (assuming 'perceive' and 'see' (or 'saw') work the same way), since it is true that I saw toasters, but these toasters don't exist.
I am inclined to say that (i) is just a loose way of speaking. So, I think the doctor could (if he was being picky) correct me with:
(ii) Well, you didn't see them; you seemed to see them.
Here's another potential counterexample. Suppose I take some hallucinogenic drug for a lab experiment. The researchers who are observing me instruct me as follows:
(iii) Report what you see.
This instruction seems perfectly appropriate, and it would seem perfectly appropriate for me to report the things I hallucinate here (this is what they want me to report, after all).
Again, I think this is a loose way of speaking. I think (if I was being picky), I could report:
(iv) I didn't really see anything (except maybe the lab, depending on how the hallucination worked). I seemed to see frogs, spiders, etc.
What do you guys think?